Art Critisim

An 'Art Critic' is someone who responds to, interprets the meaning, makes critical judgement about a specific piece of art. Art criticism is a genre of writing obtained in its modern form in the 18th centaury.
Art Critique's vary. They could be: newspaper reporters; scholars for local professional journals; artists reviewing other artists.  However if the individual reviewing the piece is friends with the artist, this may cause the review/ critique to be biased.

An art historian studies work made in cultures, usually in a more distant time and space. They also focus on more modern and contempery art and cultures close to their own since it is more understandable and easier to breakdown and study.

Journalistic critiques are written for the public and include the reviews of art exhibitions in local galleries which the public would generally be known for taking an interest in. However, scholary critiques are written for specialised art audiences; which appreciate the professional written reviews, specifically aimed at themselves.

As expected, the critiques of art originated with the creation of art itself, there is evidence of this in texts found in the works of art criticism.
   

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-reviews/11561158/Francis-Bacon-and-the-Masters-Sainsbury-Centre-Norwich-review.html- article by art critic, Alistair Sooke